á151ñPYROGEN TEST
The pyrogen test is designed to limit to an acceptable level the risks of febrile reaction in the patient to the administration,by injection,of the product concerned.The test involves measuring the rise in temperature of rabbits following the intravenous injection of a test solution and is designed for products that can be tolerated by the test rabbit in a dose not to exceed 10mLper kg injected intravenously within a period of not more than 10minutes.For products that require preliminary preparation or are subject to special conditions of administration,follow the additional directions given in the individual monograph or,in the case of antibiotics or biologics,the additional directions given in the federal regulations (see Biologics á1041ñ).
APPARATUS AND DILUENTS
Render the syringes,needles,and glassware free from pyrogens by heating at 250
for not less than 30minutes or by any other suitable method.Treat all diluents and solutions for washing and rinsing of devices or parenteral injection assemblies in a manner that will assure that they are sterile and pyrogen-free.Periodically perform control pyrogen tests on representative portions of the diluents and solutions for washing or rinsing of the apparatus.Where Sodium Chloride Injection is specified as a diluent,use Injection containing 0.9percent of NaCl.
for not less than 30minutes or by any other suitable method.Treat all diluents and solutions for washing and rinsing of devices or parenteral injection assemblies in a manner that will assure that they are sterile and pyrogen-free.Periodically perform control pyrogen tests on representative portions of the diluents and solutions for washing or rinsing of the apparatus.Where Sodium Chloride Injection is specified as a diluent,use Injection containing 0.9percent of NaCl.TEMPERATURE RECORDING
Use an accurate temperature-sensing device such as a clinical thermometer,or thermistor probes or similar probes that have been calibrated to assure an accuracy of ±0.1and have been tested to determine that a maximum reading is reached in less than 5minutes.Insert the temperature-sensing probe into the rectum of the test rabbit to a depth of not less than 7.5cm,and,after a period of time not less than that previously determined as sufficient,record the rabbit's body temperature.
and have been tested to determine that a maximum reading is reached in less than 5minutes.Insert the temperature-sensing probe into the rectum of the test rabbit to a depth of not less than 7.5cm,and,after a period of time not less than that previously determined as sufficient,record the rabbit's body temperature.TEST ANIMALS
Use healthy,mature rabbits.House the rabbits individually in an area of uniform temperature between 20and 23and free from disturbances likely to excite them.The temperature varies not more than ±3from the selected temperature.Before using a rabbit for the first time in a pyrogen test,condition it not more than seven days before use by a sham test that includes all of the steps as directed for Procedureexcept injection.Do not use a rabbit for pyrogen testing more frequently than once every 48hours,nor prior to 2weeks following a maximum rise of its temperature of 0.6or more while being subjected to the pyrogen test,or following its having been given a test specimen that was adjudged pyrogenic.
and 23and free from disturbances likely to excite them.The temperature varies not more than ±3from the selected temperature.Before using a rabbit for the first time in a pyrogen test,condition it not more than seven days before use by a sham test that includes all of the steps as directed for Procedureexcept injection.Do not use a rabbit for pyrogen testing more frequently than once every 48hours,nor prior to 2weeks following a maximum rise of its temperature of 0.6or more while being subjected to the pyrogen test,or following its having been given a test specimen that was adjudged pyrogenic.PROCEDURE
Perform the test in a separate area designated solely for pyrogen testing and under environmental conditions similar to those under which the animals are housed and free from disturbances likely to excite them.Withhold all food from the rabbits used during the period of the test.Access to water is allowed at all times,but may be restricted during the test.If rectal temperature-measuring probes remain inserted throughout the testing period,restrain the rabbits with light-fitting neck stocks that allow the rabbits to assume a natural resting posture.Not more than 30minutes prior to the injection of the test dose,determine the “control temperature”of each rabbit:this is the base for the determination of any temperature increase resulting from the injection of a test solution.In any one group of test rabbits,use only those rabbits whose control temperatures do not vary by more than 1from each other,and do not use any rabbit having a temperature exceeding 39.8.
from each other,and do not use any rabbit having a temperature exceeding 39.8.Unless otherwise specified in the individual monograph,inject into an ear vein of each of three rabbits 10mLof the test solution per kg of body weight,completing each injection within 10minutes after start of administration.The test solution is eitherthe product,constituted if necessary as directed in the labeling,orthe material under test treated as directed in the individual monograph and injected in the dose specified therein.For pyrogen testing of devices or injection assemblies,use washings or rinsings of the surfaces that come in contact with the parenterally administered material or with the injection site or internal tissues of the patient.Assure that all test solutions are protected from contamination.Perform the injection after warming the test solution to a temperature of 37±2.Record the temperature at 30-minute intervals between 1and 3hours subsequent to the injection.
.Record the temperature at 30-minute intervals between 1and 3hours subsequent to the injection.TEST INTERPRETATION AND CONTINUATION
Consider any temperature decreases as zero rise.If no rabbit shows an individual rise in temperature of 0.5or more above its respective control temperature,the product meets the requirements for the absence of pyrogens.If any rabbit shows an individual temperature rise of 0.5or more,continue the test using five other rabbits.If not more than three of the eight rabbits show individual rises in temperature of 0.5or more and if the sum of the eight individual maximum temperature rises does not exceed 3.3,the material under examination meets the requirements for the absence of pyrogens.
or more above its respective control temperature,the product meets the requirements for the absence of pyrogens.If any rabbit shows an individual temperature rise of 0.5or more,continue the test using five other rabbits.If not more than three of the eight rabbits show individual rises in temperature of 0.5or more and if the sum of the eight individual maximum temperature rises does not exceed 3.3,the material under examination meets the requirements for the absence of pyrogens.RADIOACTIVE PHARMACEUTICALS
Test Dose for Preformulated,Ready-to-Use Products Labeled with Radioactivity
AGGREGATED ALBUMINand OTHER PARTICLE-CONTAINING PRODUCTS
For the rabbit pyrogen test,dilute the product with Sodium Chloride Injection to not less than 100µCi per mL,and inject a dose of 3mLper kg of body weight into each rabbit.
OTHER PRODUCTS
Where Physical Half-life of Radionuclide Is Greater Than 1Day—
Calculate the maximum volume of the product that might be injected into a human subject.This calculation takes into account the maximum recommended radioactive dose of the product,in µCi,and the radioactive assay,in µCi per mL,of the product at its expiration date or time.Using this information,calculate the maximum volume dose per kg to a 70-kg human subject.
For the rabbit pyrogen test,inject a minimum of 10times this dose per kg of body weight into each rabbit.If necessary,dilute with Sodium Chloride Injection.The total injected volume per rabbit is not less than 1mLand not more than 10mLof solution.
Where Physical Half-life of Radionuclide is Less Than 1Day—
For products labeled with radionuclides having a half-life of less than 1day,the dosage calculations are identical to those described in the first paragraph under Other Products.These products may be released for distribution prior to completion of the rabbit pyrogen test,but such test shall be initiated at not more than 36hours after release.
Test Dose for Pharmaceutical Constituents or Reagents to Be Labeled
The following test dose requirements pertain to reagents that are to be labeled or constituted prior to use by the direct addition of radioactive solutions such as Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m Injection,i.e.,“cold kits”.
Assume that the entire contents of the vial of nonradioactive reagent will be injected into a 70-kg human subject,or that 1/70of the total contents per kg will be injected.If the contents are dry,constitute with a measured volume of Sodium Chloride Injection.
For the rabbit pyrogen test,inject (1/7)of the vial contents per kg of body weight into each rabbit.The maximum dose per rabbit is the entire contents of a single vial.The total injected volume per rabbit is not less than 1mLand not more than 10mLof solution.