Caffeine: White powder or white,glistening needles,usually matted together.Is odorless and has a bitter taste.Its solutions are neutral to litmus.The hydrate is efflorescent in air.Sparingly soluble in water and in alcohol;freely soluble in chloroform;slightly soluble in ether.

Calamine: Pink,odorless,practically tasteless,fine powder.Insoluble in water;practically completely soluble in mineral acids.

Calcium Acetate: White,odorless or almost odorless,hygroscopic,crystalline powder.When heated to above 160,it decomposes to calcium carbonate and acetone.Freely soluble in water;slightly soluble in methanol;practically insoluble in acetone,in dehydrated alcohol,and in benzene.

Calcium Ascorbate: White to slightly yellow,practically odorless powder.Freely soluble in water (approximately 50g per 100mL);slightly soluble in alcohol;insoluble in ether.

Calcium Carbonate: Fine,white,odorless,tasteless,microcrystalline powder.Is stable in air.Practically insoluble in water.Its solubility in water is increased by the presence of any ammonium salt or of carbon dioxide.The presence of any alkali hydroxide reduces its solubility.Insoluble in alcohol.Dissolves with effervescence in 1Nacetic acid,in 3Nhydrochloric acid,and in 2Nnitric acid.

Calcium Chloride: White,hard,odorless fragments or granules.Is deliquescent.Freely soluble in water,in alcohol,and in boiling alcohol;very soluble in boiling water.NFcategory:Desiccant.

Calcium Citrate: White,odorless,crystalline powder.Slightly soluble in water;freely soluble in diluted 3Nhydrochloric acid and in diluted 2Nnitric acid;insoluble in alcohol.

Calcium Gluceptate: White to faintly yellow,amorphous powder.Is stable in air,but the hydrous forms may lose part of their water of hydration on standing.Freely soluble in water;insoluble in alcohol and in many other organic solvents.

Calcium Gluconate: White,crystalline,odorless,tasteless granules or powder.Is stable in air.Its solutions are neutral to litmus.Sparingly (and slowly)soluble in water;freely soluble in boiling water;insoluble in alcohol.

Calcium Hydroxide: White powder.Has an alkaline,slightly bitter taste.Slightly soluble in water;soluble in glycerin and in syrup;very slightly soluble in boiling water;insoluble in alcohol.

Calcium Hydroxide Solution: Clear,colorless liquid having an alkaline taste.Is alkaline to litmus.

Calcium Lactate: White,practically odorless granules or powder.The pentahydrate is somewhat efflorescent and at 120becomes anhydrous.The pentahydrate is soluble in water;it is practically insoluble in alcohol.

Calcium Levulinate: White,crystalline or amorphous,powder,having a faint odor suggestive of burnt sugar.Has a bitter,salty taste.Freely soluble in water;slightly soluble in alcohol;insoluble in ether and in chloroform.

Calcium Pantothenate: Slightly hygroscopic,white powder.Is odorless and has a bitter taste.Freely soluble in water;soluble in glycerin;practically insoluble in alcohol,in chloroform,and in ether.

Racemic Calcium Pantothenate: White,slightly hygroscopic powder,having a faint,characteristic odor,and a bitter taste.Is stable in air.Its solutions are neutral or alkaline to litmus.Is optically inactive.Freely soluble in water;soluble in glycerin;practically insoluble in alcohol,in chloroform,and in ether.

Dibasic Calcium Phosphate: White,odorless,tasteless powder.Is stable in air.Practically insoluble in water;soluble in 3Nhydrochloric acid and in 2Nnitric acid;insoluble in alcohol.NFcategory:Tablet and/or capsule diluent.

Tribasic Calcium Phosphate: White,odorless,tasteless powder.Is stable in air.Practically insoluble in water;readily soluble in 3Nhydrochloric acid and in 2Nnitric acid;insoluble in alcohol.NFcategory:Tablet and/or capsule diluent.

Calcium Polycarbophil: White to creamy white powder.Insoluble in water,in dilute acids,in dilute alkalies,and in common organic solvents.

Calcium Saccharate: White,odorless,tasteless,crystalline powder.Very slightly soluble in cold water;slightly soluble in boiling water;very slightly soluble in alcohol;practically insoluble in ether and in chloroform;soluble in dilute mineral acids and in solutions of calcium gluconate.

Calcium Silicate: White to off-white,free-flowing powder that remains so after absorbing relatively large amounts of water or other liquids.Insoluble in water.Forms a gel with mineral acids.NFcategory:Glidant and/or anticaking agent.

Calcium Stearate: Fine,white to yellowish-white,bulky powder having a slight,characteristic odor.Is unctuous,and is free from grittiness.Insoluble in water,in alcohol,and in ether.NFcategory:Tablet and/or capsule lubricant.

Calcium Sulfate: Fine,white to slightly yellow-white,odorless powder.Slightly soluble in water;soluble in 3Nhydrochloric acid.NFcategory:Desiccant;tablet and/or capsule diluent.

Calcium Undecylenate: Fine,white powder,having a characteristic odor and no grit.Practically insoluble in water,in ether,in chloroform,in acetone,and in cold alcohol;slightly soluble in hot alcohol.

Camphor: Colorless or white crystals,granules,or crystalline masses;or colorless to white,translucent,tough masses.Has a penetrating,characteristic odor and a pungent,aromatic taste.Specific gravity is about 0.99.Slowly volatilizes at ordinary temperatures.Slightly soluble in water;very soluble in alcohol,in chloroform,and in ether;freely soluble in carbon disulfide,in solvent hexane,and in fixed and volatile oils.

Candelilla Wax: Ahard,yellowish-brown-opaque to translucent wax.Its specific gravity is about 0.983.Soluble in chloroform and in toluene;insoluble in water.

Capreomycin Sulfate: White to practically white,amorphous powder.Freely soluble in water;practically insoluble in most organic solvents.

Capsaicin: Off-white powder.Melts at about 65.Soluble in alcohol,in benzene,in chloroform;slightly soluble in carbon disulfide;practically insoluble in cold water.

Capsicum Oleoresin: Dark red,oily liquid.Soluble in alcohol,in acetone,in ether,in chloroform,and in volatile oils;soluble with opalescence in fixed oils.

Captopril: White to off-white,crystalline powder,which may have a characteristic,sulfide-like odor.Melts in the range of 104to 110.Freely soluble in water,in methanol,in alcohol,and in chloroform.

Caramel: Thick,dark brown liquid having the characteristic odor of burnt sugar,and a pleasant,bitter taste.One part dissolved in 1000parts of water yields a clear solution having a distinct yellowish-orange color.The color of this solution is not changed and no precipitate is formed after exposure to sunlight for 6hours.When spread in a thin layer on a glass plate,it appears homogeneous,reddish-brown,and transparent.Miscible with water.Soluble in dilute alcohol up to 55%(v/v).Immiscible with ether,with chloroform,with acetone,with benzene,and with solvent hexane.NFcategory:Color.

Carbamazepine: White to off-white powder.Practically insoluble in water;soluble in alcohol and in acetone.

Carbamide Peroxide Topical Solution: Clear,colorless,viscous liquid,having a characteristic odor and taste.

Carbenicillin Disodium: White to off-white,crystalline powder.Freely soluble in water;soluble in alcohol;practically insoluble in chloroform and in ether.

Carbenicillin Indanyl Sodium: White to off-white powder.Soluble in water and in alcohol.

Carbidopa: White to creamy white,odorless or practically odorless,powder.Slightly soluble in water;freely soluble in 3Nhydrochloric acid;slightly soluble in methanol;practically insoluble in alcohol,in acetone,in chloroform,and in ether.

Carbinoxamine Maleate: White,odorless,crystalline powder.Very soluble in water;freely soluble in alcohol and in chloroform;very slightly soluble in ether.

Carbol-Fuchsin Topical Solution: Dark purple liquid,which appears purplish red when spread in a thin film.

Carbomer 910: White,fluffy powder,having a slight,characteristic odor.Is hygroscopic.The pHof a 1in 100dispersion is about 3.When neutralized with alkali hydroxides or with amines,it dissolves in water,in alcohol,and in glycerin.NFcategory:Suspending and/or viscosity-increasing agent.

Carbomer 934: See Carbomer 910.

Carbomer 934P: See Carbomer 910.

Carbomer 940: See Carbomer 910.

Carbomer 941: See Carbomer 910.

Carbomer 1342: See Carbomer 910.

Carbomer Copolymer: White,hygroscopic powder.It swells in water when a dispersion of it is neutralized with sodium hydroxide to a pHwithin the range of 7.9to 7.8.NFcategory:Emulsifying and/or solubilizing agent;suspending and/or viscosity increasing agent;tablet binder.

Carbomer Interpolymer: White hygroscopic powder.It swells in water when a dispersion of it is neutralized with sodium hydroxide to a pHwithin the range of 5.5to 9.NFcategory:Emulsifying and/or solubilizing agent;suspending and/or viscosity increasing agent;tablet binder.

Urea C13: See Urea.

Carbon Dioxide: Odorless,colorless gas.Its solutions are acid to litmus.One liter at 0and at a pressure of 760mm of mercury weighs 1.977g.One volume dissolves in about 1volume of water.NFcategory:Air displacement.

Carboprost Tromethamine: White to off-white powder.Soluble in water.

Carboxymethylcellulose Calcium: White to yellowish-white powder.Is hygroscopic.Practically insoluble in alcohol,in acetone,in ether,in chloroform,and in benzene.It swells with water to form a suspension;the pHof the suspension,obtained by shaking 1g with 100mLof water,is between 4.5and 6.0.NFcategory:Suspending and/or viscosity-increasing agent.

Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium: White to cream-colored powder or granules.The powder is hygroscopic.Is easily dispersed in water to form colloidal solutions.Insoluble in alcohol,in ether,and in most other organic solvents.NFcategory:Coating agent;suspending and/or viscosity-increasing agent;tablet binder.

Low-Substituted Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium: Awhite or almost white powder or short fibers.Practically insoluble in acetone,in alcohol,and in toluene.It swells in water to form a gel.

Carisoprodol: White,crystalline powder,having a mild,characteristic odor and a bitter taste.Very slightly soluble in water;freely soluble in alcohol,in chloroform,and in acetone.

Carrageenan: Yellowish or tan to white,coarse to fine powder.Is practically odorless and has a mucilaginous taste.Soluble in water at a temperature of about 80,forming a viscous,clear or slightly opalescent solution that flows readily.Disperses in water more readily if first moistened with alcohol,with glycerin,or with a saturated solution of sucrose in water.NFcategory:Suspending and/or viscosity-increasing agent.

Casanthranol: Light tan to brown,amorphous,hygroscopic powder.Freely soluble in water,with some residue;partially soluble in methanol and in hot isopropyl alcohol;practically insoluble in acetone.

Cascara Sagrada: Has a distinct odor and a bitter and slightly acrid taste.

Castor Oil: Pale yellowish or almost colorless,transparent,viscid liquid.Has a faint,mild odor;is free from foreign and rancid odor;and has a bland,characteristic taste.Soluble in alcohol.Miscible with dehydrated alcohol,with glacial acetic acid,with chloroform,and with ether.NFcategory:Plasticizer.

Hydrogenated Castor Oil: White,crystalline wax.Insoluble in water and in most common organic solvents.NFcategory:Stiffening agent.

Cefaclor: White to off-white,crystalline powder.Slightly soluble in water;practically insoluble in methanol,in chloroform,and in benzene.

Cefadroxil: White to off-white,crystalline powder.Slightly soluble in water;practically insoluble in alcohol,in chloroform,and in ether.

Cefamandole Nafate: White,odorless,crystalline solid.Soluble in water and in methanol;practically insoluble in ether,in chloroform,in benzene,and in cyclohexane.

Cefazolin: White to slightly off-white,odorless,crystalline powder.Melts at about 198to 200,with decomposition.Soluble in dimethylformamide and in pyridine;sparingly soluble in acetone;slightly soluble in alcohol,in methanol,and in water;very slightly soluble in ethyl acetate,in isopropyl alcohol,and in methyl isobutyl ketone;practically insoluble in benzene,in chloroform,in ether,and in methylene chloride.

Cefazolin Sodium: White to off-white,practically odorless,crystalline powder,or white to off-white solid.Freely soluble in water,in saline TS,and in dextrose solutions;very slightly soluble in alcohol;practically insoluble in chloroform and in ether.

Cefepime Hydrochloride: White to off-white,crystalline,nonhygroscopic solid.Freely soluble in water.

Cefepime for Injection: White to pale yellow powder.Freely soluble in water.

Cefixime: White to light yellow,crystalline powder.Soluble in methanol and in propylene glycol;slightly soluble in alcohol,in acetone,and in glycerin;very slightly soluble in 70%sorbitol and in octanol;practically insoluble in ether,in ethyl acetate,in hexane,and in water.

Cefmenoxime Hydrochloride: White to light orange-yellow crystals or crystalline powder.Very slightly soluble in water;freely soluble in formamide;slightly soluble in methanol;practically insoluble in dehydrated alcohol and in ether.

Cefmetazole Sodium: White solid.Very soluble in water and in methanol;soluble in acetone;practically insoluble in chloroform.

Cefonicid Sodium: White to off-white solid.Freely soluble in water,in 0.9%sodium chloride solution,and in 5%dextrose solution;soluble in methanol;very slightly soluble in dehydrated alcohol.

Cefoperazone Sodium: White to pale buff crystalline powder.Freely soluble in water and in methanol;slightly soluble in dehydrated alcohol;insoluble in acetone,in ethyl acetate,and in ether.

Ceforanide: White to off-white powder.Practically insoluble in water,in methanol,in chloroform,and in ether;very soluble in 1Nsodium hydroxide.

Cefotaxime Sodium: Off-white to pale yellow crystalline powder.Freely soluble in water;practically insoluble in organic solvents.

Cefoxitin Sodium: White to off-white,granules or powder,having a slight characteristic odor.Is somewhat hygroscopic.Very soluble in water;soluble in methanol;sparingly soluble in dimethylformamide;slightly soluble in acetone;insoluble in ether and in chloroform.

Cefpodoxime Proxetil: White to light brownish-white powder.Odorless or having a faint odor,and has a bitter taste.Very slightly soluble in water;soluble in acetonitrile and in methanol;freely soluble in dehydrated alcohol;slightly soluble in ether.

Ceftazidime: White to cream-colored,crystalline powder.Soluble in alkali and in dimethyl sulfoxide;slightly soluble in dimethylformamide,in methanol,and in water;insoluble in acetone,in alcohol,in chloroform,in dioxane,in ether,in ethyl acetate,and in toluene.

Ceftizoxime Sodium: White to pale yellow crystalline powder.Freely soluble in water.

Ceftriaxone Sodium: White to yellowish-orange crystalline powder.Freely soluble in water;sparingly soluble in methanol;very slightly soluble in alcohol.

Cefuroxime Axetil: White to almost white powder.The amorphous form is freely soluble in acetone;soluble in chloroform,in ethyl acetate,and in methanol;slightly soluble in dehydrated alcohol;insoluble in ether and in water.The crystalline form is freely soluble in acetone;sparingly soluble in chloroform,in ethyl acetate,and in methanol;slightly soluble in dehydrated alcohol;insoluble in ether and in water.

Cefuroxime Sodium: White or faintly yellow powder.Freely soluble in water;soluble in methanol;very slightly soluble in alcohol,in ether,in ethyl acetate,and in chloroform.

Cellaburate: Fine white or almost white powder or granules.Available in a range of viscosities,acetyl and butyl contents.Slightly hygroscopic;soluble in acetone,in methylene chloride,in pyridine,and in dimethyl sulfoxide;practically insoluble in water and in alcohol.NFcategory:Coating agent;polymer membrane.USP28

Cellacefate: Free-flowing,white powder.May have a slight odor of acetaic acid.Insoluble in water and in alcohol;soluble in acetone and in dioxane.NFcategory:Coating agent.

Cellulose Acetate: Fine,white powder or free-flowing pellets.Available in a range of viscosities and acetyl contents.High viscosity,which reflects high molecular weight,decreases solubility slightly.High acetyl content cellulose acetates generally have more limited solubility in commonly used organic solvents than low acetyl content cellulose acetates,but are more soluble in methylene chloride.All acetyl content cellulose acetates are insoluble in alcohol and in water;soluble in dioxane and in dimethylformamide.NFcategory:Polymer membrane,insoluble.

Microcrystalline Cellulose: Fine,white or almost white powder.It consists of free-flowing,nonfibrous particles.Insoluble in water,in dilute acids,and in most organic solvents;practically insoluble in sodium hydroxide solution (1in 20).NFcategory:Tablet binder;tablet disintegrant;tablet and/or capsule diluent.

Microcrystalline Cellulose and Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium: Tasteless,odorless,white to off-white,coarse to fine powder.Swells in water,producing,when dispersed,a white,opaque dispersion or gel.Insoluble in organic solvents and in dilute acids.NFcategory:Suspending and/or viscosity-increasing agent.

Oxidized Cellulose: In the form of gauze or lint.Is slightly off-white in color,is acidic to the taste,and has a slight,charred odor.Insoluble in water and in acids;soluble in dilute alkalies.

Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose: Aknit fabric,usually in the form of sterile strips.Slightly off-white,having a slight odor.Insoluble in water and in dilute acids;soluble in dilute alkalies.

Powdered Cellulose: White or almost white powder.Exhibits degrees of fineness ranging from a free-flowing dense powder to a coarse,fluffy,nonflowing material.Insoluble in water,in dilute acids,and in nearly all organic solvents;slightly soluble in sodium hydroxide solution (1in 20).NFcategory:Filtering aid;sorbent;tablet and/or capsule diluent.

Cellulose Sodium Phosphate: Free-flowing cream-colored,odorless,tasteless powder.Insoluble in water,in dilute acids,and in most organic solvents.

Cephalexin: White to off-white,crystalline powder.Slightly soluble in water;practically insoluble in alcohol,in chloroform,and in ether.

Cephalexin Hydrochloride: White to off-white,crystalline powder.Soluble to the extent of 10mg per mLin water,in acetone,in acetonitrile,in alcohol,in dimethylformamide,and in methanol;practically insoluble in chloroform,in ether,in ethyl acetate,and in isopropyl alcohol.

Cephalothin Sodium: White to off-white,practically odorless,crystalline powder.Freely soluble in water,in saline TS,and in dextrose solutions;insoluble in most organic solvents.

Cephapirin Benzathine: White,crystalline powder.Practically insoluble in water,in ether,and in toluene;insoluble in alcohol;soluble in 0.1Nhydrochloric acid.

Cephapirin Sodium: White to off-white,crystalline powder,odorless or having a slight odor.Very soluble in water;insoluble in most organic solvents.

Cephradine: White to off-white,crystalline powder.Sparingly soluble in water;very slightly soluble in alcohol and in chloroform;practically insoluble in ether.

Cetostearyl Alcohol: Unctuous,white flakes or granules,having a faint,characteristic odor,and a bland,mild taste.Insoluble in water;soluble in alcohol and in ether.NFcategory:Stiffening agent.

Cetrimonium Bromide: Awhite to creamy white,voluminous,free-flowing powder,with a characteristic faint odor and bitter,soapy taste.Freely soluble in water and in alcohol;practically insoluble in ether.NFcategory:Antimicrobial preservative.

Cetyl Alcohol: Unctuous,white flakes,granules,cubes,or castings.Has a faint characteristic odor and a bland,mild taste.Usually melts in the range between 45and 50.Insoluble in water;soluble in alcohol and in ether,the solubility increasing with an increase in temperature.NFcategory:Stiffening agent.

Cetyl Esters Wax: White to off-white,somewhat translucent flakes,having a crystalline structure and a pearly luster when caked.Has a faint odor and a bland,mild taste,free from rancidity,and has a specific gravity of about 0.83at 50.Insoluble in water;soluble in boiling alcohol,in ether,in chloroform,and in fixed and volatile oils;slightly soluble in cold solvent hexane;practically insoluble in cold alcohol.NFcategory:Stiffening agent.

Cetyl Palmitate: White crystals or flakes.Freely soluble in alcohol and in ether;practically insoluble in water.NFcategory:Stiffening agent.

Cetylpyridinium Chloride: White powder,having a slight,characteristic odor.Very soluble in water,in alcohol,and in chloroform;slightly soluble in benzene and in ether.NFcategory:Antimicrobial preservative;wetting and/or solubilizing agent.

Cetylpyridinium Chloride Topical Solution: Clear liquid.Is colorless unless a color has been added;has an aromatic odor and a bitter taste.

Activated Charcoal: Fine,black,odorless,tasteless powder,free from gritty matter.NFcategory:Sorbent.

Chloral Hydrate: Colorless,transparent,or white crystals having an aromatic,penetrating,and slightly acrid odor,and a slightly bitter,caustic taste.Melts at about 55,and slowly volatilizes when exposed to air.Very soluble in water and in olive oil;freely soluble in alcohol,in chloroform,and in ether.

Chlorambucil: Off-white,slightly granular powder.Very slightly soluble in water;freely soluble in acetone;soluble in dilute alkali.

Chloramphenicol: Fine,white to grayish-white or yellowish-white,needle-like crystals or elongated plates.Its solutions are practically neutral to litmus.Is reasonably stable in neutral or moderately acid solutions.Its alcohol solution is dextrorotatory and its ethyl acetate solution is levorotatory.Slightly soluble in water;freely soluble in alcohol,in propylene glycol,in acetone,and in ethyl acetate.

Chloramphenicol Palmitate: Fine,white,unctuous,crystalline powder,having a faint odor and a bland,mild taste.Insoluble in water;freely soluble in acetone and in chloroform;soluble in ether;sparingly soluble in alcohol;very slightly soluble in solvent hexane.

Chloramphenicol Sodium Succinate: Light yellow powder.Freely soluble in water and in alcohol.

Chlordiazepoxide: Yellow,practically odorless,crystalline powder.Is sensitive to sunlight.Melts at about 240.Insoluble in water;sparingly soluble in chloroform and in alcohol.

Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride: White or practically white,odorless,crystalline powder.Is affected by sunlight.Soluble in water;sparingly soluble in alcohol;insoluble in solvent hexane.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution: Almost colorless or pale yellow,clear liquid.Miscible with glacial acetic acid and with water;miscible with three times its volume of acetone and with five times its volume of dehydrated alcohol;further addition of acetone or dehydrated alcohol yields a white turbidity.

Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride: White or almost white,crystalline powder.Sparingly soluble in propylene glycol and in water;very slightly soluble in alcohol.

Chlorobutanol: Colorless to white crystals,having a characteristic,somewhat camphoraceous,odor and taste.Anhydrous form melts at about 95,and hydrous form melts at about 76.Slightly soluble in water;freely soluble in alcohol,in ether,in chloroform,and in volatile oils;soluble in glycerin.NFcategory:Antimicrobial preservative.

Chlorocresol: Colorless or practically colorless crystals or crystalline powder,having a characteristic,nontarry odor.Is volatile in steam.Slightly soluble in water and more soluble in hot water;very soluble in alcohol;soluble in ether,in terpenes,in fixed oils,and in solutions of alkali hydroxides.

Chloroprocaine Hydrochloride: White,crystalline powder.Is odorless,and is stable in air.Its solutions are acid to litmus.Exhibits local anesthetic properties when placed upon the tongue.Soluble in water;slightly soluble in alcohol;very slightly soluble in chloroform;practically insoluble in ether.

Chloroquine: White or slightly yellow,crystalline powder.Is odorless,and has a bitter taste.Very slightly soluble in water;soluble in dilute acids,in chloroform,and in ether.

Chloroquine Hydrochloride Injection: Colorless liquid.

Chloroquine Phosphate: White,crystalline powder.Is odorless,has a bitter taste,and is discolored slowly on exposure to light.Its solutions have a pHof about 4.5.Exists in two polymorphic forms,one melting between 193and 195and the other between 210and 215(see Melting Range or Temperature á741ñ );mixture of the forms melts between 193and 215.Freely soluble in water;practically insoluble in alcohol,in chloroform,and in ether.

Chlorothiazide: White or practically white,crystalline,odorless powder.Melts at about 340,with decomposition.Very slightly soluble in water;freely soluble in dimethylformamide and in dimethyl sulfoxide;slightly soluble in methanol and in pyridine;practically insoluble in ether,in benzene,and in chloroform.

Chloroxylenol: White crystals or crystalline powder,having a characteristic odor.Is volatile in steam.Very slightly soluble in water;freely soluble in alcohol,in ether,in terpenes,in fixed oils,and in solutions of alkali hydroxides.

Chlorpheniramine Maleate: White,odorless,crystalline powder.Its solutions have a pHbetween 4and 5.Freely soluble in water;soluble in alcohol and in chloroform;slightly soluble in ether and in benzene.

Chlorpromazine: White,crystalline solid,having an amine-like odor.Darkens on prolonged exposure to light.Melts at about 60.Practically insoluble in water and in dilute alkali hydroxides;freely soluble in alcohol,in benzene,in chloroform,in ether,and in dilute mineral acids.

Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride: White or slightly creamy white,odorless,crystalline powder.Darkens on prolonged exposure to light.Very soluble in water;freely soluble in alcohol and in chloroform;insoluble in ether and in benzene.

Chlorpropamide: White,crystalline powder,having a slight odor.Practically insoluble in water;soluble in alcohol;sparingly soluble in chloroform.

Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride: Yellow,crystalline powder.Is odorless,and has a bitter taste.Is stable in air,but is slowly affected by light.Sparingly soluble in water;soluble in solutions of alkali hydroxides and carbonates;slightly soluble in alcohol;practically insoluble in acetone,in chloroform,in dioxane,and in ether.

Chlorthalidone: White to yellowish-white,crystalline powder.Melts at a temperature above 215,with decomposition.Practically insoluble in water,in ether,and in chloroform;soluble in methanol;slightly soluble in alcohol.

Chlorzoxazone: White or practically white,practically odorless,crystalline powder.Slightly soluble in water;sparingly soluble in alcohol,in isopropyl alcohol,and in methanol;soluble in solutions of alkali hydroxides and ammonia.

Cholecalciferol: White,odorless crystals.Is affected by air and by light.Melts at about 85.Insoluble in water;soluble in alcohol,in chloroform,and in fatty oils.

Cholesterol: White or faintly yellow,practically odorless,pearly leaflets,needles,powder,or granules.Acquires a yellow to pale tan color on prolonged exposure to light.Insoluble in water;soluble in acetone,in chloroform,in dioxane,in ether,in ethyl acetate,in solvent hexane,and in vegetable oils;sparingly soluble in dehydrated alcohol;slightly (and slowly)soluble in alcohol.NFcategory:Emulsifying and/or solubilizing agent.

Cholestyramine Resin: White to buff-colored,hygroscopic,fine powder.Is odorless or has not more than a slight amine-like odor.Insoluble in water,in alcohol,in chloroform,and in ether.

Choline Bitartrate: White,hygroscopic,crystalline powder.Clear,colorless liquid in solution.Melts between 148and 153.Is odorless,or may have a faint trimethylamine odor.Freely soluble in water;slightly soluble in alcohol;insoluble in ether and in chloroform.

Choline Chloride: Colorless or white crystals or crystalline powder,usually having a slight odor of trimethylamine.Clear and colorless in solution.Hygroscopic.Soluble in alcohol and in water.

Sodium Chromate Cr 51Injection: Clear,slightly yellow solution.

Chromic Chloride: Dark green,odorless,slightly deliquescent crystals.Soluble in water and in alcohol;slightly soluble in acetone;practically insoluble in ether.

Chymotrypsin: White to yellowish-white,crystalline or amorphous,odorless,powder.An amount equivalent to 100,000USP Units is soluble in 10mLof water and in 10mLof saline TS.

Ciclopirox: White to slightly yellowish-white,crystalline powder.Slightly soluble in water;freely soluble in ethanol and in methylene chloride;soluble in ether.

Ciclopirox Olamine: White to slightly yellowish-white,crystalline powder.Very soluble in alcohol and in methylene chloride;slightly soluble in water;practically insoluble in cyclohexane.

Cilastatin Sodium: White to tan-colored powder.Soluble in water and in methanol.

Cimetidine: White to off-white,crystalline powder;odorless,or having a slight mercaptan odor.Soluble in alcohol and in polyethylene glycol 400;freely soluble in methanol;sparingly soluble in isopropyl alcohol;slightly soluble in water and in chloroform;practically insoluble in ether.

Cinoxacin: White to yellowish-white,crystalline solid.Is odorless,and has a bitter taste and a lingering aftertaste.Insoluble in water and in most common organic solvents;soluble in alkaline solution.

Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride: Faintly yellowish to light yellow crystals.Sparingly soluble in water;slightly soluble in acetic acid and in methanol;very slightly soluble in dehydrated alcohol;practically insoluble in acetone,in acetonitrile,in ethyl acetate,in hexane,and in methylene chloride.

Citric Acid: Colorless,translucent crystals,or white,granular to fine,crystalline powder.The hydrous form is efflorescent in dry air.The anhydrous form melts at about 153,with decomposition.Very soluble in water;freely soluble in alcohol;very slightly soluble in ether.NFcategory:Acidifying agent;buffering agent.

Anhydrous Citric Acid: Colorless,translucent crystals,or white,granular to fine,crystalline powder.Melts at about 153,with decomposition.Very soluble in water;freely soluble in alcohol;very slightly soluble in ether.NFcategory:Acidifying agent;buffering agent.USP28

Citric Acid Monohydrate: Colorless,translucent crystals,or white,granular to fine,crystalline powder.Efflorescent in dry air.Very soluble in water;freely soluble in alcohol;very slightly soluble in ether.NFcategory:Acidifying agent;buffering agent.USP28

Clarithromycin: White to off-white,crystalline powder.Soluble in acetone;slightly soluble in dehydrated alcohol,in methanol,and in acetonitrile;practically insoluble in water.Slightly soluble in phosphate buffer at pHvalues of 2to 5.

Clavulanate Potassium: White to off-white powder.Is moisture-sensitive.Freely soluble in water,but stability in aqueous solution is not good,optimum stability at a pHof 6.0to 6.3;soluble in methanol,with decomposition.

Clemastine Fumarate: White to off-white,odorless powder.USP28Its solutions are acid to litmus.Very slightly soluble in water;slightly soluble in methanol;very slightly soluble in chloroform.

Clidinium Bromide: White to nearly white,practically odorless,crystalline powder.Is optically inactive.Melts at about 242.Soluble in water and in alcohol;slightly soluble in benzene and in ether.

Clindamycin Hydrochloride: White or practically white,crystalline powder.Is odorless or has a faint mercaptan-like odor.Is stable in the presence of air and light.Its solutions are acidic and are dextrorotatory.Freely soluble in water,in dimethylformamide,and in methanol;soluble in alcohol;practically insoluble in acetone.

Clindamycin Palmitate Hydrochloride: White to off-white amorphous powder,having a characteristic odor.Very soluble in ethyl acetate and in dimethylformamide;freely soluble in water,in benzene,in ether,in chloroform,and in alcohol.

Clindamycin Phosphate: White to off-white,hygroscopic,crystalline powder.Is odorless or practically odorless,and has a bitter taste.Freely soluble in water;slightly soluble in dehydrated alcohol;very slightly soluble in acetone;practically insoluble in chloroform,in benzene,and in ether.

Clioquinol: Voluminous,spongy,yellowish-white to brownish-yellow powder,having a slight,characteristic odor.Darkens on exposure to light.Melts at about 180,with decomposition.Practically insoluble in water and in alcohol;soluble in hot ethyl acetate and in hot glacial acetic acid.

Clobetasol Propionate: White to cream,crystalline powder.Practically insoluble in water;slightly soluble in benzene and in diethyl ether;sparingly soluble in ethanol;soluble in acetone,in dimethyl sulfoxide,in chloroform,in methanol,and in dioxane.

Clocortolone Pivalate: White to yellowish-white,odorless powder.Melts at about 230,with decomposition.Freely soluble in chloroform and in dioxane;soluble in acetone;sparingly soluble in alcohol;slightly soluble in benzene and in ether.

Clofazimine: Dark red crystals.Melts at about 217,with decomposition.Practically insoluble in water;soluble in chloroform and in benzene;sparingly soluble in alcohol,in acetone,and in ethyl acetate.

Clofibrate: Colorless to pale yellow liquid having a characteristic odor.Insoluble in water;soluble in acetone,in alcohol,in benzene,and in chloroform.

Clomiphene Citrate: White to pale yellow,essentially odorless powder.Slightly soluble in water and in chloroform;freely soluble in methanol;sparingly soluble in alcohol;insoluble in ether.

Clomipramine Hydrochloride: White to faintly yellow,crystalline powder.Very soluble in water.

Clonazepam: Light yellow powder,having a faint odor.Insoluble in water;sparingly soluble in acetone and in chloroform;slightly soluble in alcohol and in ether.

Clonidine: White to almost white,crystalline powder.Melting point is about 130.Freely soluble in methanol and in alcohol.

Clopidogrel Bisulfate: White to off-white powder.Freely soluble in water and in methanol;practically insoluble in ether.

Clorazepate Dipotassium: Light yellow,crystalline powder.Darkens on exposure to light.Soluble in water but,upon standing,may precipitate from the solution;slightly soluble in alcohol and in isopropyl alcohol;practically insoluble in acetone,in benzene,in chloroform,in ether,and in methylene chloride.

Clorsulon: White to off-white powder.Slightly soluble in water;freely soluble in acetonitrile and in methanol;very slightly soluble in methylene chloride.

Clotrimazole: White to pale yellow,crystalline powder.Melts at about 142,with decomposition.Practically insoluble in water;freely soluble in methanol,in acetone,in chloroform,and in alcohol.

Cloxacillin Benzathine: White or almost white,almost odorless,crystals or crystalline powder.Slightly soluble in water,in alcohol,and in isopropyl alcohol;soluble in chloroform and in methanol;sparingly soluble in acetone.

Cloxacillin Sodium: White,odorless,crystalline powder.Freely soluble in water;soluble in alcohol;slightly soluble in chloroform.

Clozapine: Yellow,crystalline powder.Soluble in chloroform,in acetone,and in alcohol;sparingly soluble in acetonitrile;insoluble in water.

Coal Tar: Nearly black,viscous liquid,heavier than water,having a characteristic,naphthalene-like odor,and producing a sharp,burning sensation on the tongue.Slightly soluble in water,to which it imparts its characteristic odor and taste and a faintly alkaline reaction;partially soluble in acetone,in alcohol,in carbon disulfide,in chloroform,in ether,in methanol,and in solvent hexane;is more soluble in benzene,only about 5%remaining undissolved,and is almost completely soluble in nitrobenzene,only a small amount of undissolved matter remaining suspended in the solution.

Cyanocobalamin Co 57Capsules: May contain a small amount of solid or solids,or may appear empty.

Cyanocobalamin Co 57Oral Solution: Clear,colorless to pink solution.

Cocaine: Colorless to white crystals or white,crystalline powder.Is levorotatory in 3Nhydrochloric acid solution.Its saturated solution is alkaline to litmus.Slightly soluble in water;very soluble in warm alcohol;freely soluble in alcohol,in chloroform,and in ether;soluble in olive oil;sparingly soluble in mineral oil.

Cocaine Hydrochloride: Colorless crystals or white,crystalline powder.Very soluble in water;freely soluble in alcohol;soluble in chloroform and in glycerin;insoluble in ether.

Coccidioidin: Clear,practically colorless or amber-colored liquid.

Cocoa Butter: Yellowish-white solid,having a faint,agreeable odor,and a bland,chocolate-like taste if the cocoa butter is obtained by pressing.If obtained by extraction,the taste is bland.Is usually brittle at temperatures below 25.Freely soluble in ether and in chloroform;soluble in boiling dehydrated alcohol;slightly soluble in alcohol.NFcategory:Suppository base.

Cod Liver Oil: Thin,oily liquid,having a characteristic,slightly fishy but not rancid odor,and a fishy taste.Slightly soluble in alcohol;freely soluble in ether,in chloroform,in carbon disulfide,and in ethyl acetate.

Codeine: Colorless or white crystals or white,crystalline powder.It effloresces slowly in dry air,and is affected by light.In acid or alcohol solutions it is levorotatory.Its saturated solution is alkaline to litmus.Slightly soluble in water;very soluble in chloroform;freely soluble in alcohol;sparingly soluble in ether.When heated in an amount of water insufficient for complete solution,it melts to oily drops that crystallize on cooling.

Codeine Phosphate: Fine,white,needle-shaped crystals,or white,crystalline powder.Is odorless.Is affected by light.Its solutions are acid to litmus.Freely soluble in water;very soluble in hot water;slightly soluble in alcohol but more so in boiling alcohol.

Codeine Sulfate: White crystals,usually needle-like,or white,crystalline powder.Is affected by light.Soluble in water;freely soluble in water at 80;very slightly soluble in alcohol;insoluble in chloroform and in ether.

Colchicine: Pale yellow to pale greenish-yellow,amorphous scales,or powder or crystalline powder.Is odorless or nearly so,and darkens on exposure to light.Soluble in water;freely soluble in alcohol and in chloroform;slightly soluble in ether.

Colestipol Hydrochloride: Yellow to orange beads.Swells but does not dissolve in water or dilute aqueous solutions of acid or alkali.Insoluble in the common organic solvents.

Colistimethate Sodium: White to slightly yellow,odorless,fine powder.Freely soluble in water;soluble in methanol;insoluble in acetone and in ether.

Colistin Sulfate: White to slightly yellow,odorless,fine powder.Freely soluble in water;slightly soluble in methanol;insoluble in acetone and in ether.

Collodion: Clear,or slightly opalescent,viscous liquid.Is colorless,or slightly yellowish,and has the odor of ether.

Flexible Collodion: Clear,or slightly opalescent,viscous liquid.Is colorless or slightly yellow,and has the odor of ether.The strong odor of camphor becomes noticeable as the ether evaporates.

Corn Oil: Clear,light yellow,oily liquid,having a faint,characteristic odor and taste.Slightly soluble in alcohol.Miscible with ether,with chloroform,with benzene,and with solvent hexane.NFcategory:Solvent;vehicle (oleaginous).

Corticotropin Injection: Colorless or light straw-colored liquid.

Corticotropin for Injection: White or practically white,soluble,amorphous solid having the characteristic appearance of substances prepared by freeze-drying.

Repository Corticotropin Injection: Colorless or light straw-colored liquid,which may be quite viscid at room temperature.Is odorless or has an odor of an antimicrobial agent.

Corticotropin Zinc Hydroxide Injectable Suspension: Flocculent,white,aqueous suspension,free from large particles following moderate shaking.

Cortisone Acetate: White or practically white,odorless,crystalline powder.Is stable in air.Melts at about 240,with some decomposition (see Melting Range or Temperature á741ñ).Insoluble in water;freely soluble in chloroform;soluble in dioxane;sparingly soluble in acetone;slightly soluble in alcohol.

Purified Cotton: White,soft,fine filament-like hairs appearing under the microscope as hollow,flattened,and twisted bands,striate and slightly thickened at the edges.Is practically odorless and practically tasteless.Insoluble in ordinary solvents;soluble in ammoniated cupric oxide TS.

Cottonseed Oil: Pale yellow,oily liquid.Is odorless or nearly so,and has a bland taste.At temperatures below 10particles of solid fat may separate from the Oil,and at about 0to -5the Oil becomes a solid or nearly so.Slightly soluble in alcohol.Miscible with ether,with chloroform,with solvent hexane,and with carbon disulfide.NFcategory:Solvent;vehicle (oleaginous).

Hydrogenated Cottonseed Oil: Awhite mass or powder that melts to a clear,pale yellow liquid when heated.Freely soluble in methylene chloride and in toluene;very slightly soluble in alcohol;practically insoluble in water.

Creatinine: White crystals or crystalline powder;odorless.Soluble in water;slightly soluble in alcohol;practically insoluble in acetone,in ether,and in chloroform.NFcategory:Bulking agent for freeze-drying.

Cresol: Colorless,or yellowish to brownish-yellow,or pinkish,highly refractive liquid,becoming darker with age and on exposure to light.Has a phenol-like,sometimes empyreumatic odor.Asaturated solution of it is neutral or only slightly acid to litmus.Sparingly soluble in water,usually forming a cloudy solution;dissolves in solutions of fixed alkali hydroxides.Miscible with alcohol,with ether,and with glycerin.NFcategory:Antimicrobial preservative.

Cromolyn Sodium: White,odorless,crystalline powder.Is tasteless at first,with a slightly bitter aftertaste.Is hygroscopic.Soluble in water;insoluble in alcohol and in chloroform.

Cromolyn Sodium for Inhalation: White to creamy white,odorless,hygroscopic,and very finely divided powder.

Croscarmellose Sodium: White,free-flowing powder.Partially soluble in water;insoluble in alcohol,in ether,and in other organic solvents.NFcategory:Tablet disintegrant.

Crospovidone: White to creamy-white,hygroscopic powder,having a faint odor.Insoluble in water and in ordinary organic solvents.NFcategory:Tablet disintegrant.

Crotamiton: Colorless to slightly yellowish oil,having a faint amine-like odor.Soluble in alcohol and in methanol.

Cupric Chloride: Bluish green,deliquescent crystals.Freely soluble in water;soluble in alcohol;slightly soluble in ether.

Cupric Sulfate: Deep blue,triclinic crystals or blue,crystalline granules or powder.It effloresces slowly in dry air.Its solutions are acid to litmus.Freely soluble in water and in glycerin;very soluble in boiling water;slightly soluble in alcohol.

Cyanocobalamin: Dark red crystals or amorphous or crystalline red powder.In the anhydrous form,it is very hygroscopic and when exposed to air it may absorb about 12%of water.Sparingly soluble in water;soluble in alcohol;insoluble in acetone,in chloroform,and in ether.

Cyclizine Hydrochloride: White,crystalline powder or small,colorless crystals.Is odorless or nearly so,and has a bitter taste.Melts indistinctly at about 285,with decomposition.Slightly soluble in water and in alcohol;sparingly soluble in chloroform;insoluble in ether.

Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride: White to off-white,odorless,crystalline powder.Freely soluble in water,in alcohol,and in methanol;sparingly soluble in isopropanol;slightly soluble in chloroform and in methylene chloride;insoluble in hydrocarbons.

Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride: White,crystalline powder,which upon standing develops a characteristic odor.Its solutions are acid to litmus.Melts at about 138,the melt appearing opaque.Very soluble in water;freely soluble in alcohol;insoluble in ether.

Cyclophosphamide: White,crystalline powder.Liquefies upon loss of its water of crystallization.Soluble in water and in alcohol.

Cyclopropane: Colorless gas having a characteristic odor.Has a pungent taste.One liter at a pressure of 760mm and a temperature of 0weighs about 1.88g.One volume dissolves in about 2.7volumes of water at 15.Freely soluble in alcohol;soluble in fixed oils.

Cycloserine: White to pale yellow,crystalline powder.Is odorless or has a faint odor.Is hygroscopic and deteriorates upon absorbing water.Its solutions are dextrorotatory.Freely soluble in water.

Cyclosporine: White to almost white powder.Soluble in acetone,in alcohol,in methanol,in ether,in chloroform,and in methylene chloride;slightly soluble in saturated hydrocarbons;practically insoluble in water.

Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride: White to slightly yellow,odorless or practically odorless,crystalline powder.Slightly soluble in water;freely soluble in methanol;soluble in chloroform;sparingly soluble in alcohol;practically insoluble in ether.

Cysteine Hydrochloride: White crystals or crystalline powder.Soluble in water,in alcohol,and in acetone.

Cytarabine: Odorless,white to off-white,crystalline powder.Freely soluble in water;slightly soluble in alcohol and in chloroform.